Book Nineteen: The Book of Forgiveness

[b]- كتاب الاستغفار
Book Nineteen: The Book of Forgiveness

371 - باب
Chapter 371
Seeking Forgiveness

قال الله تعالى ( محمد 19 ) : { واستغفر لذنبك وللمؤمنين والمؤمنات }
وقال تعالى ( النساء 106 ) : { واستغفر الله إن الله كان غفورا رحيما }
وقال تعالى ( النصر 3 ) : { فسبح بحمد ربك واستغفره إنه كان توابا }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 15 ) : { للذين اتقوا عند ربهم جنات } إلى قوله عز و جل { والمستغفرين بالأسحار }
وقال تعالى ( النساء 110 ) : { ومن يعمل سوءا أو يظلم نفسه ثم يستغفر الله يجد الله غفورا رحيما }
وقال تعالى ( الأنفال 33 ) : { وما كان الله ليعذبهم وأنت فيهم وما كان الله معذبهم وهم يستغفرون }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 135 ) : { والذين إذا فعلوا فاحشة أو ظلموا أنفسهم ذكروا الله فاستغفروا لذنوبهم ومن يغفر الذنوب إلا الله ولم يصروا على ما فعلوا وهم يعلمون }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"And ask forgiveness for your sin...'' (47:19)
"And seek the forgiveness of Allah. Certainly, Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'' (4:106)
"And declare the freedom of your Rubb from imperfection beginning with His praise, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and Who forgives.'' (110:3)
"For Al-Muttaqun (the pious) there are Gardens(Jannah) with their Rubb, underneath which rivers flow. Therein (is their) eternal (home) and Azwajun Mutahharatun (purified mates or wives). And Allah will be pleased with them. And Allah is All-Seer of the(His) slaves. Those who say: `Our Rubb! We have indeed believed, so forgive us our sins and save us from the punishment of the Fire. (They are) those who are patient, those who are true (in Faith, words, and deeds), and obedient with sincere devotion in worship to Allah. Those who spend (give the Zakat and alms in the way of Allah) and those who pray and beg Allah's Pardon in the last hours of the night.''(3:15-17)
"And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'' (4:110)
"And Allah would not punish them while you(Muhammad (PBUH)) are amongst them, nor will He punish them while they seek (Allah's) forgiveness.''(8:33)
"And those who, when they have committed Fahishah(illegal sexual intercourse) or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for their sins; - and none can forgive sins but Allah - and do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know.'' (3:135)
The Qur'anic Ayat on the subject are many and well-known.

1869 - وعن الأغر المزني رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إنه
ليغان على قلبي وإني لأستغفر الله في اليوم مائة مرة ] رواه مسلم
1869. Al-Agharr Al-Muzani (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Sometimes I perceive a veil over my heart, and I supplicate Allah for forgiveness a hundred times in a day.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: Ghain and Ghaim are two synonyms. They signify the spreading of the clouds. It refers in this Hadith to the fact that the Prophet (PBUH) was reciting the Names of Allah and remembering Him all the time. But sometimes due to being too busy in the affairs of the public or due to human needs, there was a pause in this eternal remembrance. Although such a pause was only momentary, this momentary pause was very much disliked by him; and considering it a slackness on his part, he prayed for forgiveness from Allah. In this there is an important lesson for us.
In spite of our many sins and negligence on our part, we do not turn to Allah and seek forgiveness; while, although our Prophet (PBUH) had all his past and future sins forgiven by Allah, he sought forgiveness very often.

1870 - وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ والله إني لأستغفر الله وأتوب إليه في اليوم أكثر من سبعين مرة ]رواه البخاري
1870. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him)said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying, "I swear by Allah that I seek Allah's Pardon and turn to Him in repentance more than seventy times a day.''
[Al-Bukhari].

1871 - وعنه رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [والذي نفسي بيده لو لم تذنبوا لذهب الله تعالى بكم ولجاء بقوم يذنبون فيستغفرون الله فيغفر لهم ] رواه مسلم

1871. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him)said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "By the One in Whose Hand my soul is! If you do not commit sins, Allah would replace you with a people who would commit sins and seek forgiveness from Allah; and Allah will certainly forgive them.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith does not mean that Allah likes disobedience. But by this way of description, the aim is to emphasize the importance of seeking forgiveness from Allah. We know that every man commits sins. But Allah likes those people who, after committing a sin, do not stick to it, but right away seek forgiveness for their sins from Allah. They weep and express sorrow before Allah. By seeking forgiveness, a relationship with Allah is established between man and his Creator. So seeking forgiveness is a very good act.

1872 - وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال : كنا نعد لرسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم في المجلس مائة مرة [ رب اغفر لي وتب علي إنك أنت التواب الرحيم ] رواه أبو داود والترمذي وقال حديث صحيح

1872. Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them)said: We counted Messenger's saying a hundred times during one single sitting: Rabb-ighfir li, wa tubb `alayya, innaka Antat-Tawwabur-Rahim. (My Rubb!Forgive me and pardon me. Indeed, You are the Oft-Returning with compassion and Ever Merciful.'')
[Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: This Hadith tells us about the etiquette of praying to Allah. We should use the Names of Allah befitting our prayers, i.e., the Names of Allah signifying those Attributes of Allah which have a special concern with the subject of our particular prayer, i.e., while seeking forgiveness, His Names concerning His Attributes of forgiveness and kindness should be used. On the other hand, while praying for worldly matters, we should mention His Qualities of charity and bestowing gifts etc.

1873 - وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ من لزم الاستغفار جعل الله له من كل ضيق مخرجا ومن كل هم فرجا ورزقه من حيث لا يحتسب ] رواه أبو داود

1873. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them)said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "If anyone constantly seeks pardon (from Allah), Allah will appoint for him a way out of every distress and a relief from every anxiety, and will provide sustenance for him from where he expects not.''
[Abu Dawud].
Commentary: The chain of this narration is weak. Refer to `The Book of Weak Narrations' by Al-Albani, Vol. I, page 142, No.705.

1874 - وعن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ من قال أستغفر الله الذي لا إله إلا هو الحي القيوم وأتوب إليه غفرت ذنوبه وإن كان قد فر من الزحف ] رواه أبو داود والترمذي والحاكم وقال حديث صحيح على شرط البخاري ومسلم
1874. Ibn Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him)said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "He who says: `Astaghfir ullah-alladhi la ilaha illa Huwal-Haiyul-Qayyumu, wa atubu ilaihi (I seek the forgiveness of Allah, there is no true god except Allah, the Ever-Living, the Self-Subsisting, and I turn to Him in repentance),' his sins will be forgiven even if he should have run away from the battlefield (while he was engaged in fighting for the Cause of Allah).''
[Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Al-Hakim (on conditions of Al-Bukhari and Muslim for accepting Hadith)].
Commentary: When we say that this narration fulfills the conditions of Al-Bukhari and Muslim; it means that its narrators are the narrators of Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Secondly, in this selection those conditions have also been kept in view, which are the landmark of Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

1875 - وعن شداد بن أوس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ سيد الاستغفار أن يقول العبد : اللهم أنت ربي لا إله إلا أنت خلقتني وأنا عبدك وأنا على عهدك ووعدك ما استطعت أعوذ بك من شر ما صنعت أبوء لك بنعمتك علي وأبوء بذنبي فاغفر لي فإنه لا يغفر الذنوب إلا أنت من قالها في النهار موقنا بها فمات من يومه قبل أن يمسي فهو من أهل الجنة ومن قالها من الليل وهو موقن بها فمات قبل أن يصبح فهو من أهل الجنة ] رواه البخاري
[ أبوء ] بباء مضمومة ثم واو وهمزة ممدودة ومعناه : أقر وأعترف
1875. Shaddad bin Aus (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "The best supplication for seeking forgiveness (Syed-ul-Istighfar) is to say: `Allahumma Anta Rabbi, la ilaha illa Anta, khalaqtani wa ana `abduka, wa ana `ala `ahdika wa wa`dika mastata`tu, a`udhu bika min sharri ma sana`tu, abu'u laka bini`matika `alayya, wa abu'u bidhanbi faghfir li, fa innahu la yaghfirudh-dhunuba illa Anta. (O Allah! You are my Rubb. There is no true god except You. You have created me, and I am Your slave, and I hold to Your Covenant as far as I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge the favours that You have bestowed upon me, and I confess my sins. Pardon me, for none but You has the power to pardon).' He who supplicates in these terms during the day with firm belief in it and dies on the same day (before the evening), he will be one of the dwellers of Jannah; and if anyone supplicates in these terms during the night with firm belief in it and dies before the morning, he will be one of the dwellers of Jannah.''
[Al-Bukhari].

1876 - وعن ثوبان رضي الله عنه قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم إذا انصرف من صلاته استغفر ثلاثا وقال : [ اللهم أنت السلام ومنك السلام تباركت يا ذا الجلال والإكرام ] قيل للأوزاعي وهو أحد رواته : كيف الاستغفار ؟ قال : يقول أستغفر الله أستغفر الله . رواه مسلم
1876. Thauban (May Allah be pleased with him)reported: Whenever the Messenger of Allah (PBUH)finished his Salat (prayer), he would beg forgiveness three times [by saying, `Astaghfirullah' (3 times)] and then he would say: "Allahumma Antas-Salamu, wa minkas-Salamu, tabarakta ya Dhal-Jalali wal-Ikram. (O Allah! You are the Bestower of security and security comes from You; Blessed are You. O Possessor of glory and honour).'' Imam Al-Auza`i (one of the subnarrators) of this Hadith was asked: "How forgiveness should be sought?'' He replied: "I say: Astaghfirullah, Astaghfirullah (I seek forgiveness from Allah. I seek forgiveness from Allah).''
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Du`a' was a Sunnah of the Prophet(PBUH), and it is highly recommended to recite it after Salat.

1877 - وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يكثر أن يقول قبل موته : [ سبحان الله وبحمده أستغفر الله وأتوب إليه ]متفق عليه
1877. `Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her)reported: Prior to his demise, the Messenger of Allah(PBUH) used to supplicate frequently: Subhan Allahi wa bihamdihi; Astaghfirullaha wa atubu ilaihi (Allah is free from imperfection, and I begin with praising Him. I beg forgiveness from Allah and I turn to Him in repentance.'')
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: In general, asking of forgiveness all the time is necessary and commendable. But during the old age and the last days of one's life it is particularly very essential. In this way, the Sunnah of the Prophet(PBUH) would also be followed.

1878 - وعن أنس رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ قال الله تعالى : يا ابن آدم إنك ما دعوتني ورجوتني غفرت لك على ما كان منك ولا أبالي يا ابن آدم لو بلغت ذنوبك عنان السماء ثم استغفرتني غفرت لك ولا أبالي يا ابن آدم إنك لو أتيتني بقراب الأرض خطايا ثم لقيتني لا تشرك بي شيئا لأتيتك بقرابها مغفرة ] رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
[ عنان السماء ] قيل هو : السحاب وقيل هو : ما عن لك منها : أي ظهر
و [ قراب الأرض ] بضم القاف وروي بكسرها والضم أشهر وهو : ما يقارب ملأها
1878. Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying, "Allah, the Exalted, has said: `O son of Adam! I shall go on forgiving you so long as you pray to Me and aspire for My forgiveness whatever may be your sins. O son of Adam! I do not care even if your sins should pile up to the sky and should you beg pardon of Me, I would forgive you. O son of Adam! If you come to Me with an earthful of sins and meet Me, not associating anything with Me in worship, I will certainly grant you as much pardon as will fill the earth.'''
[At-Tirmidhi].
Commentary: In this narration, there is good news for the sinners who do not stick to sins but rather repent and ask forgiveness from Allah. However numerous their sins may be, Allah will forgive all their sins. But there is a condition which they should fulfill, namely that they do not persist in what wrong they have done(3:135), as with persistence and repeatedly committing the sin, the act of seeking forgiveness becomes a futile act.

1879 - وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [يا معشر النساء تصدقن وأكثرن من الاستغفار فإني رأيتكن أكثر أهل النار ] قالت امرأة منهن : ما لنا أكثر أهل النار ؟ قال : [ تكثرن اللعن وتكفرن العشير ما رأيت من ناقصات عقل ودين أغلب لذي لب منكن ] قالت : ما ناقصات العقل والدين ؟ قال : [ شهادة امرأتين بشهادة رجل وتمكث الأيام لا تصلي ] رواه مسلم
1879. Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them)said: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "O women folk! You should give charity and be diligent in seeking Allah's forgiveness because I have seen (i.e., on the Night of the Ascension to the highest heavens) that dwellers of the Hell are women.'' A woman amongst them said: "Why is it that the majority of the dwellers of Hell are women?'' The Prophet (PBUH) replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands. In spite of your lacking in wisdom and failing in religion, you are depriving the wisest of men of their intelligence.'' Upon this the woman asked: "What is the deficiency in our wisdom and in our religion?'' He(PBUH) replied, "Your lack of wisdom can be well judged from the fact that the evidence of two women is equal to that one man. You do not offer Salat(prayer) for some days and you do not fast (the whole of) Ramadan sometimes, it is a deficiency in religion.''
[Muslim].
Commentary:
1. In this narration, certain weaknesses of the female sex have been pointed out, which are natural and pertain to the woman's biology, psychology and embryology.
According to biologists, during and before menstruation, a female's thought process is affected. Similarly, her pulse and blood pressure are also altered. Females are also more prone to hysteria. For these reasons, the Qur'an has declared that when you have to appoint or choose witnesses among women, you should choose two in place of one man. Modern researches have proved this rule to be correct on the basis of biology, psychology and embryology.
Again we know that physically speaking, the female has been named as the weaker sex. For these reasons, females have been excused from earning their livelihood. For earning livelihood, one may have to go out and work hard. Women have been exempted from this duty because of their biological differences and other considerations of Shari`ah. Present-day women who are ignorant of Islam and modern researches are not prepared to accept these scientifically and religiously proved facts. The West claims equality between the sexes. But this equality has not been established so far. Today all the important posts are occupied by males and all the international policies are framed by them alone. Even matters pertaining to women are decided by them. They have mostly relegated them to the posts of workers, secretaries and stenographers for their sexual satisfaction and enjoyment. After a struggle for hundred years, their condition today proves that they are the weaker sex.
So, it is both beneficial and more respectful for her to limit herself to the sphere of action suggested for her by Islam. If she oversteps her sphere, she will certainly lose her female dignity and prestige, as has happened in the West. Her state and condition there is an eyeopener for all.
2. Women should request forgiveness from Allah very often and be generous in charity. They should not show ungratefulness to their husbands and should avoid backbiting and cursing others so that they may save themselves from Hell.

372 - باب بيان ما أعد الله تعالى للمؤمنين في الجنة
Chapter 372
Some of the Bounties which Allah has prepared for the Believers in Paradise

قال الله تعالى ( الحجر 45 ) : { إن المتقين في جنات وعيون ادخلوها بسلام آمنين ونزعنا ما في صدورهم من غل إخوانا على سرر متقابلين لا يمسهم فيها نصب وما هم منها بمخرجين }
وقال تعالى ( الزخرف 68 - 73 ) : { يا عباد لا خوف عليكم اليوم ولا أنتم تحزنون الذين آمنوا بآياتنا وكانوا مسلمين ادخلوا الجنة أنتم وأزواجكم تحبرون يطاف عليهم بصحاف من ذهب وأكواب وفيها ما تشتهيه الأنفس وتلذ الأعين وأنتم فيها خالدون وتلك الجنة التي أورثتموها بما كنتم تعملون لكم فيها فاكهة كثيرة منها تأكلون }
وقال تعالى ( الدخان 51 - 57 ) : { إن المتقين في مقام أمين في جنات وعيون يلبسون من سندس وإستبرق متقابلين كذلك وزوجناهم بحور عين يدعون فيها بكل فاكهة آمنين لا يذوقون فيها الموت إلا الموتة الأولي ووقاهم عذاب الجحيم فضلا من ربك ذلك هو الفوز العظيم }
وقال تعالى ( المطففين 22 - 28 ) : { إن الأبرار لفي نعيم على الأرائك ينظرون تعرف في وجوههم نضرة النعيم يسقون من رحيق مختوم ختامه مسك وفي ذلك فليتنافس المتنافسون ومزاجه من تسنيم عينا يشرب بها المقربون }
والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Truly, the Muttaqun (the pious and righteous persons) will be amidst Gardens and water-springs(Jannah). (It will be said to them): `Enter therein(Jannah), in peace and security.' And We shall remove from their breasts any deep feeling of bitterness (that they may have). (So they will be like) brothers facing each other on thrones. No sense of fatigue shall touch them, nor shall they (ever) be asked to leave it.''(15:45-48)
"(It will be said to the believers of Islamic Monotheism): `My slaves! No fear shall be on you this Day, nor shall you grieve. (You) who believed in Our Ayat (proofs, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)and were Muslims (i.e., who submit totally to Allah's Will, and believe in the Oneness of Allah). Enter Jannah, you and your wives, in happiness.' Trays of gold and cups will be passed round them; (there will be) therein all that inner-selves could desire, and all that eyes could delight in and you will abide therein forever. This is the Jannah which you have been made to inherit because of your deeds which you used to do (in the life of the world). Therein for you will be fruits in plenty, of which you will eat (as you desire).'' (43:68-73)
"Verily, the Muttaqun (the pious), will be in place of security (Jannah). Among Gardens and springs. Dressed in fine silk and (also) in thick silk, facing each other. So (it will be). And We shall marry them to Hur (fair females) with wide, lovely eyes. They will call therein for every kind of fruit in peace and security. They will never taste death therein except the first death (of this world), and He will save them from the torment of the blazing Fire. As a bounty from your Rubb! That will be the supreme success!'' (44:51-57)
"Verily, Al-Abrar (the pious and righteous) will be in Delight (Jannah). On thrones, looking (at all things). You will recognise in their faces the brightness of delight. They will be given to drink of pure sealed wine. The last thereof (that wine) will be the smell of musk, and for this let (all) those strive who want to strive (i.e., hasten earnestly to the obedience of Allah). It (that wine) will be mixed with Tasnim. A spring whereof drink those nearest to Allah.'' (83:22-28)
The Qur'anic Ayat on the subject are many and well-known.

1880 - وعن جابر رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [يأكل أهل الجنة فيها ويشربون ولا يتغوطون ولا يمتخطون ولا يبولون ولكن طعامهم ذاك جشاء كرشح المسك يلهمون التسبيح والتكبير كما يلهمون النفس ]رواه مسلم
1880. Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "The inhabitants of Jannah will eat and drink therein, but they will not have to pass excrement, to blow their noses or to urinate. Their food will be digested producing belch which will give out a smell like that of musk. They will be inspired to declare the freedom of Allah from imperfection and proclaim His Greatness as easily as you breathe.''
[Muslim].
Commentary: Belching the vapours of musk means that after meals one would not feel heaviness and acidity. On the other hand, the belch will give out scented air, and the food will be digested by it. There will be no excrement or urine there.
Secondly, recitation of Allah's Name will ever remain on their tongues without the least effort like the way we breathe, without any effort whatsoever. In other words the food in Jannah would be so light and fine that there would be no disagreeable urine excrement. On the other hand, there will only be fine smell like that of musk.

1881 - وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ قال الله تعالى : أعددت لعبادي الصالحين ما لا عين رأت ولا أذن سمعت ولا خطر على قلب بشر واقرؤوا إن شئتم : { فلا تعلم نفس ما أخفي لهم من قرة أعين } ]( السجدة 17 ) متفق عليه
1881. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him)said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Allah, the Exalted, has said: `I have prepared for my righteous slaves what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and the mind of no man has conceived.' If you wish, recite:
`No person knows what is kept hidden for them of joy as a reward for what they used to do.''' (32:17)
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: About the gifts and pleasures of Jannah, here a Hadith has been stated in the Words of Allah. The subject matter is confirmed from the Verse of the Qur'an given in the text of the Hadith[/b]